Myanmar Opium Cultivation Surges Decade-High

Opium poppy cultivation in Myanmar has surged to its highest level in a decade, expanding by 17% to 53,100 hectares in 2025, according to the International — United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). This growth solidifies Myanmar's position as the world's main known source of illicit opium, especially after Afghanistan's production declined due to a Taliban ban. The increase is primarily driven by Myanmar's ongoing civil war, widespread poverty, and a more than doubling of opium prices since 2019. The opium economy in Myanmar is estimated to be worth $641 million to $1.05 billion, representing 0.9% to 1.4% of the country's 2024 GDP. The UNODC also identifies Myanmar as the largest methamphetamine producer globally. The cultivation has spread geographically, with significant increases in Myanmar — Shan State and Myanmar — Chin State, and new areas like Myanmar — Sagaing Region showing poppy cultivation. This situation points to potential further growth in the illicit drug trade unless viable alternative livelihoods are created for farmers.