Canada Expands Citizenship by Descent

Canada has enacted a new law, Bill C-3, effective December 15, 2025, which significantly broadens the path to Canadian citizenship for descendants of Canadians. Previously, citizenship by descent was limited to one generation, but now it extends to anyone born before the effective date who can prove a direct Canadian ancestor, such as a grandparent or great-grandparent. This change has prompted a rush of citizens of the United States to explore their ancestry and file for dual citizenship, with immigration lawyers like Amandeep Hayer and Nicholas Berning reporting being overwhelmed with inquiries. Motivations for seeking dual citizenship vary, with some citing the political climate and immigration policies under Donald Trump's administration in the United States. The Canada — Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada office is processing a large volume of applications, with processing times estimated at 10 months. While many Canadians are generally welcoming, some, like Fen Hampson of Carleton University, express concerns about 'Canadians of convenience' and potential delays for refugees and asylum-seekers.