Brazil rare earth exploration surge

Brazil is emerging as a key alternative to China for rare earth minerals, driven by foreign investment, particularly from the United States and Australia. An analysis by The Associated Press and Reporter Brasil of Brazil — National Mining Agency records through June found that rare earth exploration applications have surged, with over 86% filed in the past three years, including 268 in the first half of 2026. Foreign investors account for 42% of the 2,727 applications, with Australian firms leading (695 applications) and U.S. firms second (347). Notable deals include USA Rare Earth's acquisition of Serra Verde Group, Brazil's only commercial rare earth producer, for about $2.8 billion, supported by up to $1.6 billion from the United States — United States Department of Commerce. Chinese companies have not filed applications but are positioning through acquisitions and agreements. The mining push raises environmental concerns, as at least 25% of applications overlap with protected areas and Indigenous territories. Brazil's government, under President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, is advancing legislation to require technology transfer and local processing, aiming to retain national control over mineral resources.