Iran's 40-year war preparation analyzed

Retired India — Indian Army officer Lt General K. J. S. Dhillon, speaking at an Observer Research Foundation America event in Washington, analyzed Iran's four-decade preparation for a potential war with the United States. He noted that Iran had prepared for contingencies including the loss of its top leadership, adopted a 'mosaic doctrine' decentralizing its armed forces into 31 independent headquarters, and retained the capability for attritional warfare despite heavy losses in the conflict with the US and Israel. Dhillon highlighted Iran's mountainous terrain as a barrier to ground invasion and its strategy centered on defending the Strait of Hormuz using speed boats, sea mines, torpedo boats, coastal guns, missiles, and drones. He drew lessons on the need for clear national aims and exit strategies in warfare. The event also promoted Dhillon's book 'Operation Sindoor: The Untold Story of India's Deep Strikes Inside Pakistan.'