Council of the European Union & Alphabet Inc.

Council of the European Union: The Council of the European Union initially upheld the classification of Alphabet Inc.'s conduct as an infringement, reducing the fine but largely confirming the Commission's findings, which was then affirmed by the higher court.

Alphabet Inc.: Alphabet Inc. was used as leverage by Alphabet Inc., as manufacturers needed its license to pre-install Alphabet Inc. — Google Search and Chrome, forming part of the anti-competitive strategy. The ruling confirms the abuse of this licensing condition.