United Nations & United States — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

United Nations: The United Nations, through its Secretary-General António Guterres and the World Meteorological Organization, has issued urgent warnings about the intensifying El Ni event, urging global preparedness and climate action.

United States — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: The United States — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) officially confirmed the existence of El Ni and provided a 63% chance that it will rank among the largest events in historical record, offering crucial forecasts for its development and impacts.

United Nations: The United Nations>>> climate chief, Simon Stiell, issued a statement highlighting the severity of the heatwave as a consequence of climate change and the need to reduce fossil fuel reliance.

United States — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: United States — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration>>> provided data indicating Europe>>> is the fastest-warming continent, offering a broader climate context to the event.

United Nations: A 2022 United Nations report highlighted India as the world's largest extractor of groundwater, providing context to the country's water management challenges.

United States — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: NOAA estimated a 67% probability of a 'Super El Niño', exacerbating drought concerns.

United States — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: The United States — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration had predicted an above-normal Atlantic hurricane season, providing context for Tropical Storm Melissa's formation.