Israel & Turkmenistan

Israel: Israel participated in the strikes on Iran, contributing to the escalation that disrupted maritime trade and prompted Russia's alternative route proposal.

Turkmenistan: Turkmenistan is one of the countries mentioned as a potential transit route for the proposed rail link, which could bring economic benefits if realized.

Israel: Israel is involved in the conflict through joint strikes with the US on Iran and ongoing military operations against Hezbollah in Lebanon. Its actions contribute to regional instability and complicate peace efforts.

Turkmenistan: Turkmenistan is mentioned as a country providing rail links for Iran to channel goods, helping to mitigate the effects of the US blockade.

Turkmenistan: Turkmenistan has updated entry requirements for British nationals from Iran, requiring special authorization, reflecting regional security concerns.