Mali & Bola Tinubu

Mali: One of the countries that withdrew from ECOWAS following coups. Its departure is part of the regional challenges that Tinubu's leadership sought to address.

Bola Tinubu: President of Nigeria and outgoing Chairman of the ECOWAS Authority, praised for reducing regional tensions and advancing integration. His leadership is seen as stabilizing for West Africa, potentially enhancing Nigeria's international standing.

Mali: Mali is cited as a source of regional instability contributing to Nigeria's security problems.

Bola Tinubu: President Tinubu used the occasion to announce policy directions on infrastructure and security, reinforcing his administration's stance against ransom and commitment to expanding the army.

Mali: Mali recently withdrew from ECOWAS, underscoring the evolving security situation and the need for continued dialogue within the bloc.

Bola Tinubu: As President of Nigeria, Bola Tinubu inaugurated the new ECOWAS headquarters and called for a shift towards a production-driven economy for the region, reaffirming his commitment to regional integration and stability.

Mali: Mali is part of the Sahel region where ISSP operates, relevant to the broader conflict.

Bola Tinubu: President Tinubu faces pressure to address security, having announced pay rises and recruitment for the military.

Mali: Withdrew from ECOWAS, contributing to regional fragmentation and security concerns.

Bola Tinubu: Previous ECOWAS chairman who called for economic transformation; his tenure ended earlier.