Russia & Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air

Russia: Russia benefits from sustained Indian demand, providing crucial export revenue despite sanctions. Its crude export revenues remained flat, and oil product loadings hit record lows, but Indian purchases help offset losses.

Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air: CREA provided the data on India's Russian fossil fuel imports and refined product exports, serving as a key source for the analysis.

Russia: Russia experienced a reduction in fossil fuel export revenues from India in December 2025, as India's imports decreased. This is a direct consequence of U.S. sanctions and a shift in buying patterns by major Indian refiners.

Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air: The Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) is the European think tank that published the report detailing India's reduced imports of Russian fossil fuels, providing key data and analysis for this event.

Russia: Russia faces significant economic and financial restrictions, including asset freezes, transaction bans, and oil price cap freeze, which could exacerbate its banking crisis and reduce energy revenues.

Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air: CREA provided research on Kulevi's Russian crude imports, contributing to the sanctions decision.

Russia: Target of the sanctions; faces reduced energy revenues.

Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air: Provided data on Indian purchases of Russian crude.

Russia: Russia has solidified its position as India's largest crude oil supplier, benefiting from increased demand due to Western sanctions. This trade relationship helps Russia maintain its oil export revenues amidst global shifts.

Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air: The Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA) is a European think tank that provides data and analysis on India's fossil fuel imports from Russia, highlighting the scale and trends of this trade.

Russia: Russia is the target of the sanctions and tariffs, aimed at reducing its energy revenues. The bill could further isolate its economy.

Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air: The centre's data showed record Russian crude imports by India, informing the debate.