Spain & International — European Forest Fire Information System

Spain: Spain faced its largest recorded wildfire near Madrid, burning over 70,000 hectares and causing at least 13 deaths. The fires led to mass evacuations and a national emergency, impacting agriculture and tourism.

International — European Forest Fire Information System: EFFIS tracked fire emissions and burned areas, providing critical data for monitoring and response.

Spain: Experienced wildfires, contributing to the severe season and demonstrating the strain on firefighting resources.

International — European Forest Fire Information System: Provided data on burned area across the EU, serving as a key reference for the study's context.

Spain: Spain faces a major disaster response and reputational impact; government deployed emergency services and Prime Minister Sanchez visited the area.

International — European Forest Fire Information System: EFFIS reported burned area data; used for reference.

Spain: Spain experienced major wildfires in Spain — Aragon and Spain — Andalusia, with significant area burned and firefighter casualties.

International — European Forest Fire Information System: EFFIS provided data on fire sizes and statistics, used for reporting.

Spain: Spain declared a national emergency as wildfires burned over 153,000 hectares, forced 76,000 evacuations, and caused one civilian death. The fires near Spain — Madrid and in Spain — Ávila were among the largest on record.

International — European Forest Fire Information System: EFFIS estimated over 300,000 hectares burned in France and Spain, providing data on fire scope.