Thailand & United States — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Thailand: Thailand is one of the most vulnerable countries in Southeast Asia to El Ni 's impact on rice production, facing potential reductions in output and increased water stress.

United States — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: The United States — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) officially confirmed the existence of El Ni and provided a 63% chance that it will rank among the largest events in historical record, offering crucial forecasts for its development and impacts.

Thailand: Thailand's increased sugar exports contribute to global supply, while potential El Ni o dry weather could disrupt its production.

United States — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: The United States — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) estimates the probability of El Ni o conditions, which could disrupt global sugar production.

Thailand: Thailand's sugar production may be affected by El Niño, contributing to global deficit.

United States — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: NOAA estimated a 67% probability of a 'Super El Niño', exacerbating drought concerns.