United States & March 23 Movement

United States: The United States imposed sanctions on Rwandan entities to disrupt mineral smuggling and support a peace deal in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, aiming to stabilize the region and promote legitimate trade.

March 23 Movement: The M23 rebel group controls resource-rich areas in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo and profits from the illicit mineral trade, which funds its operations. The sanctions aim to cut off its financial support.

United States: The United States has mediated peace talks between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda and imposed sanctions on a Rwanda-based gold refinery, indicating its involvement in trying to resolve the conflict.

March 23 Movement: March 23 Movement is a Rwandan-backed rebel group accused of significant violence and territorial gains in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, serving as a key point of contention in the ICJ case.

March 23 Movement: March 23 Movement launched an offensive in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, capturing Uvira and causing significant civilian casualties and displacement, despite a U.S.-mediated peace agreement.

March 23 Movement: The March 23 Movement controls the Rubaya mine and is accused by the Democratic Republic of the Congo government of allowing illegal and unsafe mining practices, leading to the landslide. They disputed the death toll, claiming only five people died.

March 23 Movement: March 23 Movement controls the Rubaya mines where the collapse occurred and disputes the casualty figures, claiming bombings caused the deaths. They generate significant revenue from taxing coltan trade.

March 23 Movement: The March 23 Movement is fighting in the east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and has engaged in talks with the Congolese government, mediated by the United States and Qatar, to establish a permanent ceasefire.