European Union — Court of Justice of the European Union & Apple Inc.

European Union — Court of Justice of the European Union: Apple may appeal to this higher court, which could further shape DMA jurisprudence.

Apple Inc.: Apple lost its court challenge, confirming its gatekeeper status under the DMA. The company must comply with interoperability and fair competition rules, which may affect its App Store business model and privacy stance.

European Union — Court of Justice of the European Union: The European Union — Court of Justice of the European Union, as the EU's highest court, dismissed Alphabet Inc.'s final appeal, upholding the €4.1 billion antitrust fine. This decision validates the International — European Commission's findings and sets a precedent for how digital markets are treated under EU competition law.

Apple Inc.: Apple Inc. was mentioned by Alphabet Inc. in its defense, arguing that the EU unfairly ignored Apple's practices of prioritizing its own services on iPhones. However, the court rejected this argument.

European Union — Court of Justice of the European Union: Referenced in context of previous Alphabet Inc. Shopping case appeal.

Apple Inc.: Previously fined under DMA, setting precedent. The Alphabet Inc. fine reinforces the EU's enforcement pattern.