European Union — General Court (European Union) & Alphabet Inc.

European Union — General Court (European Union): The General Court's 2024 annulment is under appeal; its reasoning is being challenged.

Alphabet Inc.: Alphabet Inc. is defending the annulment of a €1.49 billion fine; a favorable ruling would reduce its antitrust liability.

European Union — General Court (European Union): The European Union — General Court (European Union)'s initial judgment, which upheld the bulk of the International — European Commission's case and reduced the fine, was largely affirmed by the European Union — Court of Justice of the European Union, demonstrating the soundness of its legal reasoning.

Alphabet Inc.: Alphabet Inc. was used as leverage by Alphabet Inc., as manufacturers needed its license to pre-install Alphabet Inc. — Google Search and Chrome, forming part of the anti-competitive strategy. The ruling confirms the abuse of this licensing condition.

European Union — General Court (European Union): The court ruled in favor of the International — European Commission, dismissing Apple's challenges and affirming the DMA's application.

Alphabet Inc.: Alphabet, subject to DMA obligations, may be affected by the strengthened regulatory environment.

European Union — General Court (European Union): Apple and Meta have appealed DMA fines to this court; Alphabet Inc. may also appeal.

Alphabet Inc.: Directly fined and ordered to change practices. May appeal, but must comply within 60 days or face further penalties.