India — Supreme Court of India & Pralhad Joshi

India — Supreme Court of India: Directed institutionalization of NTA reforms, sought affidavits, and monitored progress. Plays a key oversight role in ensuring examination integrity.

Pralhad Joshi: As Education Minister, directed NTA overhaul, reviewed reforms, and ordered security measures. His actions are central to restoring confidence.

India — Supreme Court of India: The Supreme Court intervened to protect protesters' rights and ordered an independent examination of police excesses.

Pralhad Joshi: Appointed as the new Education Minister after Pradhan's resignation, Joshi faced immediate criticism from opposition leaders who called him a 'defender of rapists' due to his past stance on the Bilkis Bano case.

India — Supreme Court of India: The Supreme Court is adjudicating the dispute, directing India — Karnataka to comply with CWMA directions and scheduling hearings. Its orders are binding and shape the resolution.

Pralhad Joshi: Union Minister Pralhad Joshi was mentioned in efforts to address the dispute in Delhi.

India — Supreme Court of India: Chief Justice's 'cockroach' remark inadvertently gave the movement its name.

Pralhad Joshi: Appointed as additional charge of Education Ministry after Pradhan's resignation; tasked with restoring confidence in exam system.