International — European Commission & Amazon (company)

International — European Commission: The International — European Commission is the regulatory body that issued the preliminary findings to designate Amazon — Amazon Web Services and Microsoft — Microsoft Azure as 'gatekeepers' under the Digital Markets Act, aiming to curb their market dominance and foster competition.

Amazon (company): Amazon (company) is the parent company of Amazon — Amazon Web Services and will be indirectly affected by the regulatory designation and the potential impact on its cloud computing subsidiary's operations and revenue in the EU.

International — European Commission: The International — European Commission, through its spokesperson Olof Gill, has denounced Donald Trump's tariff threats as unjustified and pledged a swift and decisive response if they are implemented, highlighting the bloc's regulatory autonomy.

Amazon (company): Amazon (company) is among the US tech firms subject to European digital services taxes, prompting Donald Trump's retaliatory tariff threats. The company's operations and profitability in Europe are impacted by these taxes.