Russia — Roscosmos & United States — NASA

Russia — Roscosmos: Russia — Roscosmos provides the Soyuz spacecraft and cosmonauts for the mission, highlighting ongoing US-Russia cooperation in space.

United States — NASA: United States — NASA is the primary entity, assigning astronaut Deniz Burnham to the ISS mission. This reinforces its role in human spaceflight and the Artemis program.

Russia — Roscosmos: Russia — Roscosmos provides the Soyuz MS-29 spacecraft and launch services, demonstrating ongoing international cooperation.

United States — NASA: United States — NASA is the employer and trainer of Anil Menon, supporting the mission and its scientific objectives.

Russia — Roscosmos: Russia — Roscosmos is a partner in the International Lunar Research Station; the delay has minimal direct impact.

United States — NASA: United States — NASA's contrasting approach via CLPS is highlighted; the delay may indirectly benefit its lunar program.

Russia — Roscosmos: Discussed in Rubio-Lavrov meeting regarding resumption of contacts with United States — NASA.

United States — NASA: Discussed in Rubio-Lavrov meeting regarding resumption of contacts with Russia — Roscosmos.

Russia — Roscosmos: Russia — Roscosmos, Russia's state space corporation, is leading the project to build a lunar power plant by 2036 and has signed a contract with Lavochkin. It aims to power Russia's lunar program and the International Lunar Research Station.