South Africa — South African Police Service & Operation Dudula

South Africa — South African Police Service: Co-authored a report with FinMark Trust showing remittance outflows more than tripled between 2016 and 2024.

Operation Dudula: Operation Dudula is an anti-migrant group that participated in the protests, warning that demonstrators would 'push the police to do their job' if undocumented migrants did not leave.

South Africa — South African Police Service: Reduced capacity of repatriation facility.

Operation Dudula: Anti-immigrant group; associated with campaigns and violence against migrants.

South Africa — South African Police Service: The South African_Police_Service is investigating deaths related to the violence but has not directly linked them to anti-migrant marches, raising questions about their effectiveness in controlling the situation and protecting foreign nationals.

Operation Dudula: Operation Dudula is a movement fronted by Zandile Dabula that organizes city-by-city marches against foreign nationals in South Africa.