United States — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration & Ridiculously Resilient Ridge

United States — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: The United States — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) officially confirmed the existence of El Ni and provided a 63% chance that it will rank among the largest events in historical record, offering crucial forecasts for its development and impacts.

Ridiculously Resilient Ridge: Ridiculously Resilient Ridge, a climate scientist at the United States — California Institute for Water Resources, noted that the volume and intensity of subsurface warm water anomalies indicate the potential for a 'super El Ni ' and predicted record global warm temperatures.

United States — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: Forecasted El Niño–Southern Oscillation development and provided climate data.

Ridiculously Resilient Ridge: Climate scientist who commented on the heat wave's intensity and link to climate change.