Emily C. Marks & Jeffrey Lee

Emily C. Marks: U.S. District Judge Emily C. Marks initially ruled United States — Alabama's nitrogen protocol constitutional, but later reversed her decision after an appeals court remanded the case, ultimately permanently blocking United States — Alabama from executing Jeffrey Lee with nitrogen gas.

Jeffrey Lee: Jeffrey Lee's execution by nitrogen gas was halted by the Supreme Court, granting him a temporary reprieve. His legal challenge against the method as cruel and unusual punishment was successful in the lower courts and ultimately upheld by the Supreme Court.