United Kingdom — Competition and Markets Authority

Impact: The United Kingdom — Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) is the UK's competition watchdog proposing and consulting on new regulations for Apple Inc. and Alphabet Inc.'s app store payment systems and Apple Inc.'s NFC technology to foster competition and benefit consumers.

Impact: The United Kingdom — Competition and Markets Authority ruled that the merger between Getty Images and Shutterstock could only proceed if Shutterstock's editorial arm was sold, ultimately leading to the merger's termination.

Impact: The United Kingdom — Competition and Markets Authority previously investigated the housebuilders for sharing commercially sensitive information, an investigation that laid the groundwork for the current class action lawsuit. They dropped further action in return for an agreement by the firms to pay £100 million into affordable housing programmes and make binding commitments not to share information.

Impact: The United Kingdom — Competition and Markets Authority probed Topps Tiles' acquisition of CTD, requiring the sale of some CTD stores.